| PGD: The Slippery Road
From "Option" to Obligation
The bane of my existence in an
information-overloaded world is to put something "aside"--some place
on my computer where I can't forget it--only to stumble across it
days or weeks after I had meant to address it. Such is the case with
what Slate columnist William Saletan called "eugenic euphemisms."
Earlier this month a British
hospital sent out a press release that was picked up by the press.
University College Hospital's spin was uncritically accepted by the
headline writers: "Britain's first cancer-free designer baby born
after being screened for deadly gene."
Concerned that a child they
would have would carry a gene [BRCA1] that could predispose the
child to breast cancer, an unnamed couple used IVF techniques to
"harvest" eleven embryos. Nine were "discarded"--- six of whom were
found "to contain the BRCA1 gene"--and three others who were
"discarded" for other "abnormalities." The other two were implanted,
according to the Daily Mail, and one led to a successful pregnancy.
Between critical comments
found in the British press stories and Saletan's thoughtful
critique, it's easy to see the road down which preimplantation
genetic diagnosis (PGD) is taking us.
The definition of
"abnormalities" is, of course, infinitely elastic. "It is the same
principle as screening of pregnancies at 12 weeks for conditions
such as Down's Syndrome," said Paul Serhal, medical director of the
hospital's assisted conception unit. There were lots of questions
about "designer babies," all of which Serhal deflected. But on what
logical basis could you deny parents the opportunity to screen (aka
abort the "wrong" embryo) for eye color and I.Q.?
Saletan does an excellent job
illuminated the degradation of language that is part and parcel of
what is, after all, eugenics.
He alludes to the infamous
(and bogus) distinction between an embryo and a so-called
"pre-embryo." And then…
"Now we're adjusting the word
conception," he writes. "Henceforth, testing of IVF embryos to
decide which will live or die is preconception. Don't fret about the
six eggs we fertilized, rejected, and flushed in selecting this
baby. They were never really conceived. In fact, they weren't
embryos. According to Serhal, each was just 'an affected cluster of
cells.'"
Also, and this is huge, moving
from voluntary to quasi-compulsory is a very, very short step.
The press accounts are filled
with words like "specter" and "inflicting" and "eradication."
Saletan notes that prior to genetic screening, no parent was
"blamed" if his or her child was born with a malady.
"But with the advent of PGD,"
he writes, "the equation has changed. Now you can eliminate your
risk of transmitting the bad gene--and if you don't take that
precaution, you're 'inflicting' the consequences. In this way,
today's embryo-screening option becomes tomorrow's obligation."
Saletan's column can be read
at
http://www.slate.com/id/2208633 |